Arco di Settimio Severo (Arch of Septimius Severus), Rome

The Arch of Septimius Severus stands proudly at the northwestern end of the Roman Forum. This triumphal arch, constructed in white marble, was dedicated in 203 A.D. to commemorate the military successes of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons, Caracalla and Geta, in their campaigns against the Parthians. The victories occurred in two separate campaigns during the years 194-195 A.D. and 197-199 A.D.

Septimius Severus, along with his sons Caracalla and Geta, ruled as joint emperors following his death. However, the relationship between the two brothers was tumultuous. In 212 A.D., Caracalla had Geta assassinated, resulting in the eradication of Geta's memorials and the removal of any depictions or references to him from public buildings and monuments. Consequently, Geta's image and inscriptions were also removed from the Arch of Septimius Severus.

The arch is elevated on a travertine base that was originally approached by steps from the ancient level of the Roman Forum. Its central archway is spanned by a beautifully coffered semicircular vault, while lateral openings lead to each side archway. This architectural feature, seen in many Early Modern triumphal arches, adds to the grandeur and symmetry of the structure.

The arch is supported by piers adorned with composite columns on pedestals. The spandrels feature relief carvings of Winged Victories, enhancing the artistic and symbolic elements of the arch. A staircase within the south pier provides access to the top of the monument. In the past, the arch's summit housed statues of Emperor Septimius Severus and his two sons in a magnificent four-horse chariot (quadriga), accompanied by soldiers.

Although the master architect who designed the Arch of Septimius Severus remains unknown, their skillful craftsmanship is evident in the arch's construction.