Pelikaanstraat (Pelikan Street) and Diamond District, Antwerp

The Pelikan Street (Pelikaanstraat) and the Diamond District in Antwerp, serve as the heart of the global diamond trade, a distinction that dates back to the second half of the 19th century. This area is not only critical for its economic contributions but also stands out for its architectural beauty, showcasing picturesque buildings in Art Nouveau and eclectic styles.

Antwerp’s association with diamonds dates back to the 15th century and was revolutionized in the later years by Lodewyk van Berken's invention of the scaif—a diamond polishing tool. This innovation enabled the creation of the sparkling, multifaceted diamonds that became synonymous with European nobility, enhancing Antwerp's status in the diamond world. Notably, Charles the Bold commissioned van Berken to cut and polish the famed Florentine Diamond.

By the 1890s, a robust diamond industry had been established in Antwerp by families of diamond traders and manufacturers, many of whom migrated from Amsterdam. This industry thrived and evolved into what is now known as the Diamond Quarter or Diamantkwartier, also dubbed the Square Mile. This area encompasses several square blocks around the central station and is a short walk from Meir, Antwerp’s principal shopping street.

Historically, the district processed a significant portion of the world's diamonds, with about 84% of all rough diamonds passing through as of 2012, despite much of the cutting and polishing work having moved to lower-wage centers globally. Remarkably, around 50% of rough diamonds return to Antwerp for processing, evidencing its continued importance in the global diamond trade, which sees a turnover of approximately 54 billion dollars.

The Diamond District is notably multicultural, with a diverse population of Jewish, Jain Indians, Maronite Christian Lebanese, and Armenian dealers, known collectively as diamantaires. More than 80% of Antwerp's Jewish community is employed in this trade, and historically, Yiddish was the primary language of the diamond exchanges. Business activities in the district pause on Saturdays, respecting the Jewish Sabbath.

In addition to its economic and cultural significance, the district is also a vibrant area filled with a variety of restaurants, bars, and cafes, catering to the diverse crowd that the diamond trade attracts. This makes the Diamond District not only a global hub for diamond trading but also a lively community and tourist attraction.