Montgomery County Courthouse, Dayton

The Montgomery County Courthouse stands as a remarkable example of Greek Revival architecture in the United States. Built in 1847, this historic limestone building is located at the prominent intersection of Third and Main streets. Its design draws inspiration from the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens, Greece, a structure dating back to the 5th century BC, known for its Doric order and classical simplicity.

The architectural plan of the Montgomery County Courthouse mirrors the traditional Greek temple layout, featuring a high-ceiling vestibule leading to a center hall that culminates in a grand rotunda and elliptical courtroom. This layout not only pays homage to ancient Greek architectural principles but also provides a dignified and imposing setting appropriate for a courthouse.

The courthouse's design was influenced by Dayton citizen Horace Pease, who advocated for using the Temple of Theseus in Athens as a model. The Montgomery County Commissioners agreed with Pease's suggestion and commissioned architect Howard Daniels of New York to draw up the plans. Daniels successfully captured the essence and aesthetic beauty of the ancient Greek temple, resulting in a structure that remains a pinnacle of Greek Revival style in American architecture.

Recognized for its historical and architectural significance, the Montgomery County Courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 26, 1970.