Banco Rosso (Red Bank), Venice

In medieval Europe, Jewish individuals faced limited options for livelihood due to societal restrictions. They were often confined to specific trades, such as dealing in used cloth, practicing medicine (doctors were the only people allowed out of the Ghetto at night), and engaging in money lending. The latter role became significant as Christians were forbidden by the Church to lend money at interest, creating a void that Jewish communities filled by offering cash loans.

Venice, in particular, had three banks distinguished by color: red, green, and black. These establishments were a combination of banks and pawnshops, where individuals could pledge an item in exchange for a loan. It is believed that these banks were among the earliest pawnshops in the world and operated until the end of the Venetian Republic in 1797. The intriguing nature of their commercial activities is even captured in William Shakespeare's renowned play, "The Merchant of Venice".

Today, visitors have the opportunity to explore one of these historic banks, known as the Red Bank ("Banco Roso"), which has been restored and is open for public viewing. The name "Red Bank" stems from the red receipt given to customers when they pawned an item. Interestingly, some speculate that the term "in the red", referring to financial indebtedness, may have originated from the practices of these ancient Venetian pawnbrokers.